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Objectives: This study determines the frequency of occurrence of various neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant) of the female reproductive system which includes uterus, cervix, ovaries, vagina, vulva and breasts in a rural tertiary care center in a period of two years.

Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted at TSM Medical College in Lucknow, India. From September 2016 to September 2018, all formalin-fixed surgical specimens of the female reproductive system were examined under light microscopy for histopatholoical changes. The study included only neoplastic lesions and excluded nonneoplastic lesions.

Results: A total of 223 cases were investigated, representing diverse neoplastic lesions of the female reproductive system. There were 186 benign tumours and 37 malignant tumours. There were 71 cases of breast neoplasms, 12 cases of cervix neoplasms, 102 cases of uterus neoplasms, 37 cases of ovaries neoplasms, and 1 case of vulva neoplasms among the total neoplasms. The majority of benign cases (98) came from the uterus (all leiomyomas).Out of malignant, maximum cases were of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma breast (10 cases) followed by cervical cancer(8 cases) and then ovary (5 cases) followed by endometrium (4 cases).

Conclusion: The most common neoplasm in the female reproductive system is leiomyoma, a benign tumour. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumour followed by cervical carcinoma. And carcinoma cervix was the commonest among all female genital tract malignancies.