STM Article Repository

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a slow multistep process eventually starts from longterminflammation
to fibrosis and leads to malignancy. These variations cause several genes disrupted
that play role many signaling pathways involved in HCC. Early diagnosis and treatment of
hepatocarcinogenesis depend on efficient biomarker discovery. To date, only two specific markers of
HCC are identified, AFP and AFP-L3, but assessment and validation of these markers are still left in
large cohorts of patients. Proteomic approach aids to develop new promising biomarker for diagnosis
liver cancer at early stage. In current chapter early stage biomarker (cAMP-dependent protein kinase
inhibitor alpha (PKIA)) have been identified using one-dimensional electrophoresis (1DE) and 2DE
followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This
chapter alsohypothesized that PKIA is useful for detection of HCC at initial stage.