STM Article Repository

Theodore Escherich, a German doctor, found E. coli for the first time while studying the gut flora of newborns. Bacterium coli commune (Escherich 1885) was named after him in 1885, and its virulence in extraintestinal illnesses was established by him (1894 Escherich). Until 1919 the term Bacterium coli was commonly used. Then after the formation of the genus Peschiera, Castellani and Chalmers called the type species E. coli (Chalmers & Castellani 1919).

Escherichia coli is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rod (with both a fermentative and respiratory metabolism) that lacks oxidase production. One single rod cell of Escherichia coli cell is generally 1.1–1.5 m broad by 2–6 m long. They may be motile or nonmotile, producing lateral flagella instead of polar flagella when motile. Many strains expand fimbriae or pili, which might be proteinaceous appendages (or structures or fibers) that extend outwardly from the bacterial cell and assist in bacterial mobile adhesion or adherence to other host cells or tissues.

Shigella spp. are closely related to Escherichia coli, albeit Shigella is less biochemically active than most E. coli strains. Although genetic relatedness allows Shigella and E. coli to be classified as a single genus, the two have typically been kept apart to avoid medical diagnostic confusion. E. coli are found in many living organisms' nature, edibles, water, and intestines. E. coli is a giant and numerous organization. Most E. coli traces are secure; some can purpose the contamination. Some E. coli strains are chargeable for causing diarrhea, and lots of other lines motive urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and lots of different infections and diseases.