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The article discusses the results of a study of hydrogeological conditions of Sahara Occidental. The territory of researches is located in the Western part of the Sahara at the junction of the borders between Algeria, Mali, Mauritania and Western Sahara. It comprises a Precambrian crystalline massif Eglab and the surrounding Paleozoic synclinal structure of Tindouf in the North, Reggan on the East and Taoudenni in the South. The main result is to prove very favorable conditions for the accumulation of large reserves of groundwater in Cambrian-Ordovician sediments of the Northern part of the syneclise Taoudenni. Slightly worse hydrogeological conditions are of the basin Reggan. However, by analogy with the depressions Tindouf and Taoudenni here can also be found Paleozoic aquifer complexes. Significant reserves of groundwater are found, obviously, in the intermediate continental sediments to the Southeast the syneclise Taoudenni within the vast plains of Tanezrouft.