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Public cultural services play an important role in promoting the dissemination and development of social culture, and the issuance and implementation of public cultural service policies can meet the public’s cultural needs from a policy perspective and support the benign development of national public cultural services. Firstly, 167 samples of policy documents issued by the government from 2006 to 2022 are identified as named entities, and the main bodies of policy issuance and implementation of public cultural services in China are identified, and the synergistic network of policy bodies is mapped and visualized. Publishing subjects are analyzed in three stages, namely, the beginning of public cultural services, modernization and high-quality development, to summarize the stage-specific characteristics of publishing subjects; executing subjects are classified into categories, and five clusters are classified by using the cluster analysis method, and important nodes in each cluster are sorted out through the node centrality statistics. At the level of issuing subjects, the uneven distribution of subjects is presented, and subject synergy becomes the trend of policy formulation and promulgation of public cultural services in China. At the level of executing subjects, the participation of social subjects is low, and the policy should be embodied with more specific provisions to enhance the participation of social subjects. At the same time, it should strengthen the importance of emerging subjects such as smart libraries and network platforms.