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In this paper, it is tried to reveal the changes in the ecosystem and biodiversity of a unique wetland known as Tanguar Haor. The global importance of this wetland has made a declaration as the Second Ramsar Site of Bangladesh in 2000. On the other hand, it is also recognised as an Ecologically Critical Area due to gradually overexploitation and degradation consequences of its natural resources. It consists of diverse types of floral and faunal remains including fish species, wetland plant species, amphibians, reptiles, bird species and mammals. The fisheries, forest and land are the main resources of this critical wetland ecosystem. But unsustainable extraction and utilisation of its natural resources are vital consequences to threatening the haor ecosystem. Over the time, the ecological balances and biodiversity have been changed due to the effects of the flash flood, reduction of forest resource, extension of agricultural land, community control and exploitation, soil erosion, forest degradation, habitat degradation, water imbalance, unbalanced human interference, illegal poaching and government participation in resource management. This study focuses on evaluating the nature, ecological setting, ecosystem and biodiversity, rate of wetland changes, resource degradation and how these factors make an impact on people's livelihood and lifestyle in that area. Following a content analysis of past and recent literature, reports, and empirical studies, the arguments illustrate the typical landscape changes over last 60 years and thus it will play a significant role for policy formulation and implementation to save the biodiversity and endangered ecosystem of Tanguar Haor in the long-run.